Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinesis seeds: Effects on hepatic and renal functional integrities and antioxidant activities.
Keywords:
Nanoparticles, Silver Nanoparticles, hepatic and renal functions, antioxidantsAbstract
Objective: This work reports the possible toxicological effects of AgNPs on the liver and kidney. Additionally, it also beamed its searchlight on its effects on the antioxidant defense mechanism in male Wistar rats.
Method: Male Wistar rats (n=28) were used for the study. Control animals (n=7) were exposed to only drinking ware ad-libitum for 12 weeks. The remaining 21 rats were randomized into 3 groups of 7 animals each and were exposed to 50, 150 and 250 kg/mg body weight AgNPs biosynthesized from Citrus sinensisi for the same period after which blood and liver were removed from the rats and analyzed spectrophotometrically.
Results: A non-significant reduction of plasma ALT, AST, ?GT and ALP characterized the effects of AgNPs in the animal tested. Similarly, AgNPs significantly depleted the plasma creatinine and urea level. The exposure also up-regulated the activities/concentration of antioxidant markers. Malondialdehyde concentration was also significantly depleted by AgNPs.
Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that biologically synthesized AgNPs induced no toxicological potential on hepatic and renal structural and functional integrity. Meanwhile, it enhanced the activities and concentration of antioxidant markers
References
Naganathan K, Thirunavukkarasu S, editors. Green way genesis of silver nanoparticles using multiple fruit peels waste and its antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor cell line studies. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2017: IOP Publishing.
Priyadarshini S, Gopinath V, Priyadharsshini NM, MubarakAli N, Velusamy P. Synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles using novel strain, Bacillus. flexus and its biomedical application, Colloids Surf. 2013; 102:232–237.
Yeo SY, Lee HJ, Jeong SH. Preparation of nanocomposite fibers for permanent antibacterial effect, J. Mater. Sci. 2003; 38:2143–2147.
Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S. A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: a green expertise. Journal of advanced research. 2016; 7(1):17-28
Mathew TV, Kuriakose S, Studies on the antimicrobial properties of colloidal silver nanoparticles stabilized by bovine serum albumin, Colloids Surf. 2013; 101:14–18.
Mohamed SA, Mohamed SS, Aziza AE, Mosaad AA. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Chenopodium murale leaf extract Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2013; 18(4):356-363 7. Annu AS, Kaur G, Sharma P, Singh S, Ikram S. Fruit waste (peel) as bio-reductant to synthesize silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2018; 16(3):221–31.
Patil SP, Kumbhar ST. Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using terpenes rich extract of Lantana camara L. leaves. Biochemistry and biophysics reports, 2017; 10:76–81.
Patra JK, Das G, Kumar A, Ansari A, Kim H, Shin H-S. Photo-mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using the Non-edible Accrescent Fruiting Calyx of Physalis peruviana L. Fruits and Investigation of its Radical Scavenging Potential and Cytotoxicity Activities. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology. 2018; 188:116–25.
Poadang S, Yongvanich N, Phongtongpasuk S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from Aqueous Peel Extract of Pineapple, Ananas comosus. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences. 2017; 16(2):123–33.
Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnology advances. 2009; 27(1):76–83.
Chaloupka K, Malam Y, Seifalian AM. Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications. Trends in biotechnology. 2010; 28(11):580–8.
Otunola, G. A. and Afolayan A. J. In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and toxicity profile of silver nanoparticles green-synthesized and characterized from aqueous extract of a spice blend formulation. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 2018; 32(3):724733.
Mittal AK, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotechnology advances. 2013; 31(2):346–56.
Ankamwar B, Damle C, Ahmad A, Sastry M. Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Emblica officinalis fruit extract, their phase transfer and transmetallation in an organic solution. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2005; 5(10):1665–1671.
Ramachandran R, Krishnaraj C, Stacey LH, SoonIi YP, Thangavel K. Plant extract synthesized silver nanoparticles: An ongoing source of novel biocompatible materials. Ind Crop Prod. 2015; 70:356–373.
Geetha AR, George E, Srinivasan A, Shaik J. Optimization of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaf extracts of Pimenta dioica (Allspice). Scientific World J. 2013; 2013:1-5.
Park Y. New paradigm shift for the green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts. Toxicol Res. 2014; 30(3):169–178.
Olife IC, Ibeagha OA, Onwualu AP. Citrus fruits value chain development in Nigeria. J. Biol. Agric. Healthc. 2015; 5:36-47.
Hernández-Montoya V, Montes-Morán MA and Elizalde-González MP. Study of the thermal degradation of citrus seeds. Biomass Bioenerg 2009; 33:1295-1299.
Jorge N, Da Silva, AC, Aranha CPM. Antioxidant activity of oils extracted from orange (Citrus sinensis) seeds Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 2016; 88(2): 951-958
Malacrida CB, Kimura M, Jorge N.
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Citrus Seed Oils. Food Sci. Technol. Res., 2012; 18(3):399 – 404
Azeez L, Lateef A, Adebisi SA. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using pod extract of Cola nitida enhances antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Amaranthus caudatus Linn Appl Nanosci. 2017; 7:59–66.
Shah SWA, Jahangir M, Qaisar M, Khan SA,
Mahmood T, Saeed M, Farid A, Liaquat M Storage stability of Kinnow fruit (Citrus reticulata) as affected by CMC and guar gumbased silver nanoparticle coatings. Molecules. 2015; 20:22645–22661
Medhe S, Bansal P, Srivastava MM Enhanced antioxidant activity of gold nanoparticle embedded 3,6-dihydroxyflavone: a combinational study. Appl Nanosci. 2014; 4:153–161.
Raliya R, Nair R, Chavalmane S, Wang W-N, Biswas P. Mechanistic evaluation of translocation and physiological impact of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant. Metallomics. 2015;
:1584–1594
Fatoki JO, Badmus JA, Oka SA, Kehinde SA. Subchronic exposure to silver nanoparticles disrupts lipid metabolic dynamics in male wistar rats. UNIOSUN Journal of Sciences. 2020; 4(1):51-62
Lateef A, Azeez MA, Asafa TB, Yekeen TA, Akinboro A, Oladipo IC, et al. Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a pod extract of Cola nitida: Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and application as a paint additive. J Taibah Univ Sci 2016; 10:551–562.
Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1957; 28: 56–63.
Szasz G. A kinetic photometric method for serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chem., 1969; 15:124-136.
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Klinische Chemie., J Clin Chem Clin Biochem., 1972; 10:182.
Bartels H, Bohmer M, Heierli C. Serum creatinine determination without protein precipitation. Clin Chim Acta. 1972; 37:193-197.
Mackay EM, Mackay LL. The Concentration of Urea in the Blood of Normal Individuals. J. Clin Invest. 1927; 4(2):295-306.
Arthur JR. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in neutrophils from selenium deficient and copper deficient cattle. Life Sci. 1985; 36(16):1569-1575.
Fatoki, JO, Badmus, JA, Adedosu, OT, Adegoke AA, Lawal, OR., Ogunmola, IA, et al. Repeated Exposure of Herbal Concoction Imprints Toxicological Implications through Redox Imbalance in Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2018; 23(2): 1-18
Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB,
Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG. Selenium:
Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science. 1957; 179(4073):588-590.
Beutler E, Dubon OB, Kelly M. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med. 1963; 61:882-888.
Habig WH, Jakoby WB. Assays for the differentiation of glutathione S-transferase. Meth Enzymol 1981; 77:398–405.
Varshney R, Kale RK. Effects of Calmodulin
Antagonist on Radiation Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Microsomes. Int J Radiat Biol. 1990; 58:733-743.
Gornall AG, Bardwill CJ, David MM. Determination of serum protein by means of Biuret reaction. J Biol Chem., 1949; 177:751-766.
Ali SJ, Bazzaz AA. Arif AI. Activity of the Enzyme Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) as a Prognostic Tool for Heart Failures. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2017; 8:324-341.
Huang XJ, Choi YK, Im HS, Yarimaga O, Yoon E. Kim HS. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) Detection Techniques. Sensors 2006; 6:756-782
Fatoki JO, Adeleke GE, Badmus JA, Afolabi OK,
Adedosu OT, Kehinde SA, et al. Time – Course of Sodium Arsenate Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Natural Sciences Research. 2019; 9(4): 78-91.
Bhudhisawasdi V, Muisuk K, Areejitranusorn P, Kularbkaew C, Khampitak T, Saeseow O, et al. Clinical value of biliary alkaline phosphatase in non-jaundiced cholangiocarcinoma, J. Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2004; 130:87-92.
Price C, Finney H. Developments in the assessment of glomerular filtration rate. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2000; 297(1-2):55-66.
Miltuninovic J, Cutler R, Hoover P, Meijsen B, Scribner B. Measurement of residual glomerular filtration rate in the patient receiving repetitive hemodialysis. Kidney Int. 1975; 8:185-190.
Laterza O, Price C, Scott M. Cystatin C: An
How to cite this article:
improved estimator of glomerular filtration rate? Clin Chem. 2002; 48:699-707.
Salazar, JH. Overview of Urea and Creatinine. Winter 2014. 45(1), Lab Medicine e19
Burtis C, Ashwood E, Bruns D, Tietz W. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2008.
Sato H. Shibata H, Shimizu, T Shibata, S Toriumi H, Ebine, T. Differential cellular localization of antioxidant enzymes in the trigeminal ganglion, Neuroscience, 2013; 248:345–358.
Al-Gubory KH, Garrel C, Faure P, Sugino N. Roles of antioxidant enzymes in corpus luteum rescue from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 2012; 25:551–560.
Wu JQ, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Free radicals, antioxidant defense system, and schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2013; 46:200–206.
Deponte M. Glutathione catalysis and the reaction mechanism of glutathione-dependent enzymes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2013; 1830:3217–3266.
Turner TT, Lysiak JJ. Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunction. J Androl 2008; 29:488–498.
Taniyama Y, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species in the vasculature. Hypertension, 2003;
:1075–1081,
Malacrida CR, Kimura M, Jorge N.
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Citrus Seed Oils Food Sci. Technol. Res., 2012; 18 (3):399–404.
Bocco A, Cuvelier ME, Richard H, and Berset C. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of Citrus Peel and Seed Extracts. Agric. Food Chem. 1998; 46:2123-2129
Jorge N, Da Silva AC, Aranha CPM. Antioxidant Activity of Oils Extracted from Orange (Citrus
Sinensis) Seeds Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências. 2016; 88(2):951-958
Azeez L, Lateef A, Adebisi SA. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using pod extract of Cola nitida enhances antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Amaranthus caudatus Linn. Appl Nanosci. 2017; 7:59–66.
Farombi EO, Adedara IA, Abolaji AO, Anamelechi JP, Sangodele JO. Sperm characteristics, antioxidant status and hormonal profile in rats treated with artemisinin. Andrologia 2014; 46:893–901.
Salinas AE, Wong MG. Glutathione S-Transferase – A Review. Current Madicinal Chemistry, 1999; 6:279-309.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Research Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Research Journal of Health Sciences journal is a peer reviewed, Open Access journal. The Journal subscribed to terms and conditions of Open Access publication. Articles are distributed under the terms of Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0). All articles are made freely accessible for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
