The placenta in pre-eclampsia- Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis
Abstract
In the last decade, global maternal mortality has declined by 47%, yet there is an estimate of 800
maternal deaths per day or 210 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. These pregnancy-related deaths is
attributed to haemorrhage (35%), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (18%), sepsis (8%), unsafe abortion (9%) and
indirect causes including AIDS and malaria (18%) [1]. Notably, resource poor countries account for 99%
of these deaths with 85% occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia [1]. Sub-Saharan Africa
accounts for approximately 70% of people living with HIV infection globally [2]. In this region, South
Africa is considered the epicenter of the global HIV pandemic. Off note, women represent approximately
half of adults living with HIV infection; with majority occurring in women of reproductive age. Around
1.5 million HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa become pregnant each year [3]. In South Africa
alone, approximately one-fifth of women in their reproductive age are HIV positive and recent HIV
prevalence rates indicate that up to 22.8% of pregnant women are HIV-infected [4]. The province of
KwaZulu-Natal has the highest prevalence of 16.9% amongst the South African provinces.
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