Global challenges in health: effect of westernization on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, prevalence, challenges, westernization, NigeriaAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common non communicable disease which appears to be assuming epidemic proportions worldwide with 382 million people affected worldwide. Current estimates describe Nigeria as having about 4 million affected people a large proportion of which are undiagnosed. The factors driving the diabetes epidemic worldwide include obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol intake all of which are associated with globalization/ westernization. The role of these factors in Nigeria and the possible measures to reduce the trend in the country are highlighted in this review. Simple inexpensive lifestyle measures have been outlined to curb the looming diabetes epidemic in the country.
References
King H, Rewers M. Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adults: WHO Ad Hoc diabetes reporting Group. Diabetes Care 1993:16;157-177
Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes estimates for the year 2000 and projections for the year 2030. Diabetes Care 1994: 17; 288 -296.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 5thedn. Brussels,
Belgium. International Diabetes
F e d e r a t i o n 2 0 1 1
http//www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
Johnson TO. Diabetes mellitus in Lagos (Nigeria): a study of the prevalence of the disorder in an African urban community. London, England. University of London 1969. MD Thesis
Ohwovoriole AE, Kuti JA, Kabiawu SI.Casual blood glucose levels and prevalence of undiscovered diabetes mellitus in Lagos Metropolis
Nigerians. Diab Res Clin Pract 1988: 4(2); 153-158
Akinkugbe OO. Non Communicable Diseases in Nigeria: Final report of national survey. Federal Ministry of Health and Social Services. Lagos 1997
Nyenwe EA, Odia OJ, Ihekwaba AE, Ojule A, Babatunde S. Type 2 diabetes in adult Nigerians: a study of its prevalence and risk factors in Portharcourt, Nigeria. Diab Res Clin Pract 2003: 62; 177 -185
Ekpeyong CE, Akpan UP, Ibu Jo, Nyebuk DE. Prevalence and associated risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Uyo, metropolis, South eastern Nigeria. Diabetica Croatia 2012; 41(1): 17-28.
Omorogiuwa A, Oaikhena GA,
Okioya P, Akubueze D, Owobu G et al. Diabetes mellitus: Prevalence amongst universitystaff in Southern Nigeria and attitudes towards routine glycemic/glucosuric checkup. Int J Biomed & Health Sci. 2010: 6(1) ; 25 -29.
Hall V, Thomsen RW, Henriksen O, Loshe N. Diabetes in sub Saharan Africa ( 1999 – 2011): Epidemiology and Public Health Implications - A systematic review. BMC Public
Health 2011; 11: (564): 1 -12
Sobngwi E, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vexiau PJ, Mbanya JC, Gautier JF. Diabetes in Africans: part 1: epidemiology and Clinical Specificities. Diabetes Metab (Paris) 2001; 27: 628-34
Alebiosu CO, Ayodele OO, Abbas A, Olutoyin AI. Chronic renal failure at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2006;6 (3):132-8.
Odenigbo CU, Oguejiofor OC.
Pattern of medical admissions at the Federal Medical Center Asaba – A 2 year review. Niger J Clin. Pract.
: 12(4) : 395 - 7
Ogbera AO, Fasanmade OA, Ohwovoriole AE, Adediran O. An assessment of the disease burden of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus attending a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Int J low Extrem Wounds. 2006; 5(4); 244-249
Stevens GA, Singh GM, Lu Y, Danaei G, JK, Finucane MM et al. National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences. Popul Health Metr. 2012; 10: 22
Nettleton JA, Lutsey PL, Wang y, Lima JA, Michos ED, Jacobs DR Jr. Diet soda intake and risk of incident metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis(MESA). Diabetes Care 2009;32:688-694
Lobelo F, Liese AD, Liv J, MayerDavis, D'Agostino RB Jr, Pate RR et al. Physical activity and electronic media use in the SEARCH for diabetes in youth case control study. Pediatrics 2010; 125(6) : e1364 –
Olusanya JO, Omotayo AO. Prevalence of obesity among
undergraduate students of Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun state. Pak J Nutr 2011:10(10); 940-946
Akarolo-Anthony SA, Odubore FO,
Yilme S, Aragbada O, Odonye G, Hu F et al. Pattern of dietary carbohydrate intake among
urbanized Nigerian adults. Int J Food SciNutr 2013; 64(3); 292-299
Johnson L, Mander AP, Jones LR, Emmett PM, Jebb SA. Energy-dense, low-fiber, high-fat dietary pattern is associated with increased fatness in childhood. Am J ClinNutr. 2008; 87:846-854.
O l i v e r L N , H a y e s M V.
Neighbourhood socio economic status and prevalence of overweight Canadian children and youth. Can J
Public Health 2005; 96: 415 -420
Luke A, Durazo-Arvizu RA,
RotimiCN, Iams H, Schoeller DA, Adeyemo AA. Activity energy expenditure and adiposity in among black adults in Nigeria and the United
states. Am J ClinNutr 2002:75; 1045-
Abah SO, Aigbiremolen AO, Duru
CB, Awunor NS, Asogun AO, Enahoro FO et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among students in private and public secondary schools in a peri urban
Nigerian town. J Biol Agric
Healthcare 2012:11; 51-57 24. Chinedu SN, Eboji OK, Emiloju OC. Trends in weight abnormality of school children and adolescents in Nigeria. J Med Sci 2012:12(7); 239 243
Maruthur NM. The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes: increased incidence or improved survival? Curr Diab Rep.2013
;13(6):786-94.
Gureje O, DegenhardtL,Olley B. Uwakwe R, Udofia O, Wakil A et al. A descriptive epidemiology of substance use and substance use disorder in Nigeria during early 21st century. Drug and Alcohol
Dependence 2007:91; 1- 9
Awopeju OF, Erhabor GE, Awosusi B, Awopeju OA, Adewole OO, Irabor I. Smoking prevalence and attitudes regarding its control among health professional students in South western Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3(3): 355 – 360.
Ayankogbe OO, Inem OA, Bamgbala OA, Robert OA. Attitudes and determinant of cigarette smoking among rural dwellers South West Nigeria .Nigeria Medical Practitioner 2003:44;70-74.
Desalu O, Olokoba A, Danburam A, Salawu F, Issa B. Epidemiology of tobacco smoking among adults population in North East Nigeria. The Internet Journal of Epidemiology 2007: 6;1.
A s f a h a S , P a d w a l R .
Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of type 2 diabetes: evidence and implications for clinical practice. CurrHypertens Rep.
;7(5):314-22
Encyclopedia of Death and Dying.
L i f e e x p e c t a n c y . 2 0 1 1 .
http://www.deathreference.com/KeMa/Life-Expectancy.html
Yajnik CS. Early life origins of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in India and other Asian countries. J Nutr 2004; 134(1): 205-210
Boney CM, Verma A, Tucker R, Vohr BR. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association between birth weight, maternal obesity and gestational diabetes. Pediatr 2005;
:e290
Kostraba JN, Cruickshanks KJ, Lawler-Heavner J et al. Early exposure to cow's milk and solid foods in infancy, genetic predisposition and risk of IDDM. Diabetes 1993; 42(2): 288 – 295
Toschke AM, Vignerova J, Lhotska L, Osancova K, Koletzko B, Von KriesR. Overweight and obesity in 6 to 14 years old children in 1991: protective effects of breastfeeding. J Pediatr 2002:141; 764-769
Johnson L, Mander AP, Jones LR, Emmett PM, Jebb SA. Energy-dense, low-fiber, high-fat dietary pattern is associated with increased fatness in childhood. Am J Clin Nutr.
;87:846-854.
K i m p i m ä k i T, E r k k o l a M ,
KorhonenS, Kupila A, Virtanen SM, Ilonen Jet al. Short exclusive breastfeeding predisposes young children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes to progressive beta-cell autoimmunity. Diabetologia
;44:63–9
Hales CN, Barker DJ. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Br Med Bull
; 60: 5 - 20
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346 : 393 - 403
Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes; the role of diet, lifestyle and genes. Diabetes Care 2011:34;1249 -1257
Bloomfield GS, Kimaiyo S, Carter EJ, Binanay C, Corey GR, Einterz
RM, Tierney WM et al. Chronic NonCommunicable Cardiovascular and
Pulmonary Disease in sub-Saharan Africa: An Academic Model for Countering the Epidemic. Am Heart J. 2011; 161(5): 842–847.
International Diabetes Federation. Cost effective approaches to diabetes care and prevention. International Diabetes Federation Task Force on health economics. Brussels. International Diabetes Federation 2003
Policy Brief 2. Food advertising and marketing to children and youth: do they influence unhealthy food purchases? Public Health Institute Web site. March 2004. Available at: http://www.phi.org/pdf-library/leanpb2.pdf. Accessed October 2 9, 2013
Robinson TN. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999:282;1561-1567
Adegun JA, Olumuyiwa BA. The Nigerian built environment and childhood obesity. Pak J Soc Sci 2008: 5(2); 160-4.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Research Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Research Journal of Health Sciences journal is a peer reviewed, Open Access journal. The Journal subscribed to terms and conditions of Open Access publication. Articles are distributed under the terms of Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0). All articles are made freely accessible for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
