The hazardous terrain of Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: The time for action is now
Keywords:
Diabetes, Burden, Nigeria, ActionAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or action. Diabetes and its complications cause substantial morbidity, disability and premature mortality.
There has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria and the burden is expected to increase even further. In view of the increasing burden of diabetes in Nigeria, there is an urgent need to develop and implement an effective and sustainable policy for its prevention and management in the country. If diabetes is not given the attention it deserves now, it could impose an even greater toll on health and socio-economic development in Nigeria and overwhelm an already resource constrained health care system. The time for action is now. Suggested approaches to address the burden of diabetes in Nigeria are discussed in this commentary.
References
American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of Medical
Care in Diabetes 2018. Diabetes Care
;41(Suppl. 1): S13–S27
World Health Organization. (2016). Global Report on Diabetes. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204871. Accessed 25th April 2019.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels, Belgium; International Diabetes Federation.
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N et al, On behalf of the IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019
N o v ; 1 5 7 : 1 0 7 8 4 3 . d o i :
1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) – Africa Working Group, Trends in obesity and diabetes across Africa from 1980 to 2014: an analysis of pooled population-based studies, International Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 46: 1421–1432, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx078
Sabir AA, Ohwovoriole AE, Isezuo SA, Fasanmade O, Abubakar S, Iwuala S. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among the rural Fulanis of Northern Nigeria, ANN Afr Med. 2013; 12: 217-222.
Ejim EC1, Okafor CI, Emehel A, Mbah AU, Onyia U, Egwuonwu T, Akabueze J, Onwubere BJ. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the middle-aged and elderly population of a Nigerian rural community. J Trop Med. 2011; 2011:308687. doi: 10.1155/2011/308687.
Oladapo OO, Salako L, Sodiq O, Shoyinka K, Adedapo K, Falase AO. A prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among a rural Yoruba south-western Nigeria population: a populationbased survey. Cardiovasc J. Afr 2010; 21: 26-31.
Sabir AA, Isezuo SA, Ohwovoriole AE.
Dysglycaemia and its risk factors in an urban Fulani population of northern Nigeria, West Afr J Med. 2011; 30: 325-330.
Enang OE, Otu AA, Essien OE, Okpara H, Fasanmade OA, Ohwovoriole AE, Searle J. Prevalence of dysglycemia in Calabar: a crosssectional observational study among residents of Calabar, Nigeria. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 2014; 2: e000032.doi:10.1136/bmjdrc2014-000032.
Uloko AE, Musa BM, Ramalan MA, Gezawa ID, Puepet FH, Uloko AT, Borodo MM, Sada KB. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and MetaA n a l y s i s . D i a b e t e s T h e r. ( 2 0 1 8 ) . https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-018-0441-1.
Fasanmade OA, Dagogo-Jack S. Diabetes Care in Nigeria. Annals of Global Health 2015; 81: 821829.
Chijoke A, Adamu A.N, Makusidi A.M. Mortality patterns among type 2 diabetes
mellitus patients in Ilorin, Nigeria. JEMSDA. 2010; 15:79-82.
Ogbera AO, Chinenye A, Onyekwere A, Fasanmade O. Prognostic indices of diabetes mortality. Ethn Dis 2007; 17: 721-725.
Adejumo O.A, Okaka EI, Madumezia G, Okuwonu CG, Ojogwu LI. Assessment of some cardiovascular risk factors in predialysis chronic kidney patients in Southern Nigeria. Niger Med J. 2015; 56: 394-399.
Kyari F, Tafida A, Sivasubramaniam S, Gudlavalleti VS Murthy, Peto T, Gilbert CE, Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: results from the Nigeria national blindness and visual impairment survey and The Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Study Group. BMC Public Health
; 14:1299. https://doi.org/10.1186/14712458-14-1299. Accessed: 29th May 2020.
Atun R, Gale E.A. The challenge of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015; 3:675-677. doi:
1016/S2213-8587(15)00236-3.
Jaffar S, Gill G. The crisis of diabetes in subSaharan Africa. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2017; 574-575. doi:
1016/S2213-8587(17)30219-X.
Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases. https://www.who.int/nmh/events/un_ncd_summi t2011/political_declaration_en.pdf?ua=1Accesse d 29th May 2020.
Global action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2013-2020. World
H e a l t h O r g a n i z a t i o n .
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/ 94384/9789241506236_eng.pdf; Accessed: 29th May 2020.
National Strategic Plan of Action on Prevention and Control of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Non-Communicable Disease Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health Abuja,
N i g e r i a , M a y 2 0 1 3 .
https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/sites/defau lt/files/NGA2013National%20Policy%20and%2 0Plan%20of%20Action%20on%20NCDs.pdf.
Accessed 29th May 2020.
First National Multisectoral Action Plan (NNMSAP) for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases (NCD) in Nigeria. https://www.afro.who.int/news/nigeria-fulfilscommitment-launches-plan-prevention-andcontrol-non-communicable-diseases. Accessed May 29th 2020.
International Diabetes Federation.
Recommendations For Managing Type 2 Diabetes In Primary Care, 2017. www.idf.org/managingtype2-diabetes. Accessed 20th May 2018.
Implementation tools: Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low-Resource Settings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
Beran D, Yudkin J.S. Diabetes care in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2006; 368:1689-95.
Mbanya J.C, Motala A.A, Sobngwi E, Assah F.K, Enoru S.T. Diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2010; 375:2254-66.
Coleman R, Gill G, Wilkinson D. Noncommunicable disease management in a resourcepoor setting: a primary health care model from rural South Africa. Bull World Health Org 1998; 76: 633-640.
Strategies for Improving Diabetes Care in Nigeria (SIDCAIN) Research Group. Knowledge of diabetes and hypertension care among health care workers in South West Nigeria. Postgrad Med. 2009; 121:173-177.
International Diabetes Federation. Consultative section on Diabetes Education 2002:3-12.
How to cite this article:
Price C. Diabetes education at the primary health care level. International Diabetes Digest 1998; 9: 40-41.
WHO. Task shifting: rational redistribution of tasks among health workforce teams: global recommendations and guidelines (2007), at http://apps.who. Int/iris/handle/10665/43821.
Lekoubou A, Awah P, Fezeu L, Sobngwi E,
Kengne AP. Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and
Task Shifting in Their Management in Sub-
Saharan Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7, 353-363; doi:10.3390/ijerph7020353
Acheampong JW, Boateng KA, Eghan BA, Story P, Parry EHO, Tomlinson S. The impact of diabetes nurses in the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Diabetes International 2000; 10: 81-83.
Gill, GV, Price C, Shandu D, Dedicoat M, Wilkinson D. An effective system of nurse-led diabetes care in rural Africa. Diabet. Med. 2008, 25, 606-611.
Kengne AP, Sobngwi E, Fezeu L, Awah, KP, Dongmo S, Mbanya JC. Setting-up nurse-led pilot clinics for the management of non-communicable diseases at primary health care level in resourcelimited settings of Africa. PAMJ. 2009, 3: 10.
Shah M, Kaselitz E, Heisler M. The role of Community Health Workers in Diabetes: Update on Current literature. Curr Diab Rep. 2013; 13: 163-171.
Norris SL, Chowdhury FM, Van Le K, Horsley T, Brownstein JN, Zhang X, Jack L Jr, Satterfield DW. Effectiveness of community Health workers in the effective care of persons with diabetes, Diabet Med 2006; 23: 544-556.
Adeleye JO, Kuti MA. Process and outcome measures of quality of care at the diabetes outpatient clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Niger J Clin Pract. 2017; 20: 221-225.
https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/universal-health-coverage-(uhc). Accessed 22nd January 2021.
Okpani AI, Abimbola S. Operationalizing universal health coverage in Nigeria through social health insurance. Nigerian Medical Journal 2015; 56: 305-310.
Adeleye, O.J. The hazardous terrain of Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria: The time for action is now. Research Journal of Health Science, 2021, 9(1): 69-76
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Research Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Research Journal of Health Sciences journal is a peer reviewed, Open Access journal. The Journal subscribed to terms and conditions of Open Access publication. Articles are distributed under the terms of Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0). All articles are made freely accessible for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
