Association between blood Pressure, waist circumference, cholesterolaemia and triglyceridaemia in a population of Cameroonian adults
Keywords:
Blood pressure, pulse pressure, age, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterolAbstract
Objective: Blood pressure (BP) is one of the main cardiovascular risk indicators, but studies on its relationship with waist circumference, triglycerides and cholesterol are rare in low and middle income countries and even non-existent in some areas like the north of Cameroon. The aim of our study was to determine the associations between blood pressure parameters and age, waist circumference, triglycerides and total cholesterol in a north Cameroonian adult population.
Method: A cross sectional community-based study was carried out in Ngaoundere (Adamawa region, Cameroon) from June to August 2015. Participants aged 20 years and above were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013® and SPSS version 20.0® softwares.
Results: In total 948 participants met our selection criteria. The prevalence of prehypertension (PreHTN), Stage 1 hypertension (HTN) and Stage 2 HTN were 37.55%, 26.48% and 18.57% respectively. The prevalence of Stage 2 HTN was found to rise with age, waist circumference, serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels. The mean values ?of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were 131.27 ± 24.07 mmHg, 86.56 ± 14.45 mmHg, 44.71 ± 15.45 mmHg and 101 ± 16.72 mmHg respectively. BP parameters correlated positively and significantly with age, waist circumference, triglycerides and total cholesterol (P<0.001).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates a positive correlation of blood pressure parameters with age, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, thus the need for stakeholders to strengthen measures towards cardiovascular risk awareness and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention in the general population.
References
Haïat R, Leroy G. Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire : les enseignements des grands essais cliniques. Paris, Editions Frissons-Roche. 2003; 1-224.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003; 289: 2560-72.
Sesso HD, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, Gaziano JM, Manson JE et al. Systolic and
Diastolic Blood Pressure, Pulse Pressure, and
Mean Arterial Pressure as Predictors of
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Men.
Hypertension. 2000; 36: 801-7.
Wilson PWF. Lipids and Vascular Disease: A Framingham Perspective. Global Heart. 2013; 8(1): 25-33.
Katte J-C, Dzudie A, Sobngwi E, Mbong EN, Fetse GT, KouamKouam C et al. Coincidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a semiurban Cameroonian population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014, 14: 696.
Doulougou B, Kouanda S, Ouédraogo GH, Meda BI, Bado A and Zunzunegui MV. Awareness, treatment, control of hypertension and utilization of health care services following screening in the North central region of Burkina Faso. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2014;19: 259.
Xu B, Xu Z, Xu X, Cai Q, Xu Y, Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of
Hypertension Among Residents in Guangdong Province, China, 2004 to 2007. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6:217-222.
Belhachmi H, Ezzouak A, Badidi M, Nazzi M et El Younassi B. La pression pulsée et le risque cardiovasculaire : à propos de 700 sujets hypertendus. Research.fr. 2014;1:1038.
D i s p o n i b l e s u r
http://www.labome.fr/research/Pulse-pressureand-cardiovascular-risk-a-retrospective-studyof-700-patients.html, consulté le 24/12/2015.
El-Menyar A, Zubaid M, Almahmeed W et al.
Initial hospital pulse pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2011; 104(8): 43543.
Mushengezi1 B and Chillo P. Association between body fat composition and blood pressure level among secondary school adolescents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Pan African Medical Journal. 2014; 19: 327.
Pancha OM, Ngoufack JO, Koona KA, M
Falmata, Kingue S, Place et Profil Évolutif des
Maladies Cardiovasculaires en Milieu Hospitalier Nord Camerounais: Le Cas de L'Hôpital Régional de Ngaoundéré. Health Sciences and Diseases. 2015; 16(1): 1-7.
Pancha OM ; Yiagnigni E, Koona KA, Cacko J and Ndobo P. Determinants of hypertension awareness and treatment among patients under cardiology follow up in a Cameroonian Regional Hospital. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine and Public Health. 2012; 4: 1663-72.
Pancha OM, Koona KA, Cacko J. Hypertension and classical risk factors in ambulatory patients: A hospital-based study in Adamawa region (Northern Cameroon). International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2011; 3(11): 331-336.
OMS. Le Manuel de Surveillance STEPS de l'OMS: L'approche STEPwise de l'OMS pour la surveillance des facteurs de risque des maladies chroniques. Genève, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. 2005 : 453 p.
OPTMQ. Prélèvement de sang par ponction veineuse pour fins d'analyse- règles de pratique - Sixième edition Ordre professionnel des technologistes médicaux du Québec 281, avenue Laurier Est, Montréal (Québec). En ligne sur www.optmq.org ; consulté le 12/06/2015.
Pancha OM, Damdam FB and Tamanji MT. Comparison of lipid profiles and 10year cardiovascular disease risk estimates between indigenous northern diabetic and non-diabetic persons in Adamawa region, Cameroon. Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences.2015; 4(3): 18-24.
Grundy SM., Becker D, Clark LT, Cooper RS, Denke MA, Howard J et al. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III): Final Report. Circulation. 2002; 106 (25): 3143.
Sun G-Z, Li Z, Guo L, Zhou Y, Yang H-M and Sun Y-X. High prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among rural Chinese adults. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2014, 13:189; 11 p.
Franklin SS and Irvine WND. Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease: Contributions of the Framingham Heart Study. Global heart. 2013; 8(1): 49-57.
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015; 131: e29-e322.
Wang J, Zhang L, Wang F, Liu L, Wang H et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: results from a national survey. American Journal of Hypertension. 2014; 27(11): 1355-61.
Mbah BO, Eme PE and Ezeji J. Prevalence and
Risk Factors of Hypertension Among MiddleAged Adults in Ahiazu Mbaise Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2013; 13(01): 26-30.
Peer N, Steyn K, Lombard C, Gwebushe N and
Levitt N. A High Burden of Hypertension in the
Urban Black Population of Cape Town: The Cardiovascular Risk in Black South Africans (CRIBSA) Study. PLoS ONE. 2013, 8(11): e78567.
Hammami S, Mehri S, Hajem S, Koubaa N, Frih1 MA, Kammoun S et al. Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among the elderly living in their home in Tunisia. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2011, 11(65): 1-7.
Abu-Saad K, Chetrit A, Eilat-Adar S, Alpert G, Atamna A, Gillon-KerenM et al. Blood Pressure Level and Hypertension Awareness and Control Differ by Marital Status, Sex, and Ethnicity: A Population-Based Study. American Journal of Hypertension. 2014; 27(12): 1511- 20.
Doupa D, Seck SM, Dia CA , Diallo FA, Kane MO, Kane A et al. Dyslipidemia, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population in Senegal. Pan African Medical Journal. 2014; 19:181.
Veghari G, Sedaghat M, Joshghani H, Niknezad F, Angizeh A, Tazik E et al. Plasma total cholesterol level and some related factors in northern Iranian people. Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine. 2013; 4(2): 35963.
Huang Y, Gao L, Xie X and Tan SC.
Epidemiology of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults: meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. Population Health Metrics. 2014, 12 (1): 28.
Allayee H, De Bruin TW, Dominguez KM, Cheng LSC, Ipp E, Cantor RM et al. Genome Scan for Blood Pressure in Dutch Dyslipidemic Families Reveals Linkage to a Locus on Chromosome 4p. Hypertension 2001; 38:773778.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redo´n J,
Zanchetti A, Bo¨ hm M et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 2013, 31:1281–1357.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Research Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Research Journal of Health Sciences journal is a peer reviewed, Open Access journal. The Journal subscribed to terms and conditions of Open Access publication. Articles are distributed under the terms of Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0). All articles are made freely accessible for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
